Safety in explosion-prone areas
In terms of safety, many industrial companies experience uncertainty – even though regulations are clearly defined. Particularly in explosion risk areas, it is essential to understand and apply the applicable standards. This article provides a compact overview of the different explosion protection zones, their significance, and the underlying standards.
Why are explosion protection zones important?
Explosion-hazardous areas arise from the presence of flammable gases, vapors, or dust in combination with oxygen. When an ignition source is added, there is a risk of explosion. To minimize these risks, internationally recognized standards have been defined that categorize such areas into different safety zones. The most important standard in this area is the ATEX Directive (2014/34/EU) as well as the IECEx standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Standards and Main Criteria of Explosion Protection Zones
Areas at risk of explosion can be divided according to two main criteria:
- Areas with gas explosion hazard (flammable gas, vapor, or mist)
- Areas with dust explosion hazard (combustible dust in the air)
These areas are divided into so-called Ex-zones, which indicate how often and how long an explosive atmosphere can occur.
Areas at risk of gas explosions
| Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| Zone 0 | Area where an explosive atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods due to a mixture of air and flammable gases, vapors, or mists. |
| Zone 1 | Area where an explosive atmosphere may occasionally occur during normal operation. |
| Zone 2 | Area where, under normal operating conditions, an explosive atmosphere is expected only rarely and for a short duration. |
Areas with combustible dust
| Zone | Description |
| Zone 20 | Area where an explosive atmosphere in the form of a dust cloud is present in the air continuously or for long periods of time. |
| Zone 21 | Area where an explosive dust cloud may occasionally occur in the air. |
| Zone 22 | Area where, under normal operating conditions, an explosive dust cloud is only rarely and briefly expected. |
Areas of Application and Regulations
This classification is essential for the selection of electrical and non-electrical operating resources used in these areas. Companies must ensure that all devices and tools in Ex zones meet the respective safety requirements. This includes, among other things, the use of ATEX-certified mobile devices, tools, and machines.
What regulations apply in explosion hazardous areas?
- ATEX (2014/34/EU) – European Directive for Explosive Atmospheres
- IECEx – International Standards for Explosive Atmospheres
- Operational Safety Regulation (BetrSichV) – Regulation in Germany for the safe operation of work equipment in explosive zones
Important: The choice of the right Ex devices depends not only on the zone but also on additional factors such as temperature class, types of explosion protection, and regional regulations.
Conclusion: Ex-Protected Zones as a Basis for Safety
Knowledge of explosion protection zones is fundamental for safety in explosion-hazardous areas. By adhering to standards such as ATEX and IECEx, companies can minimize risks and ensure the safe use of operating resources.
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Source: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Geneva